1. Ensure blood pressure is in normal range. (check series of BP; elderly has isolated type of hypertension–increase systolic with normal or high diastolic; Primary-due to obstruction, change in blood vessel; secondary-due to medical problems; hypotension is more dangerous in the elderly than hypertension)
2. Prevent and eliminate sources of pressure on the body. (constricting clothes such as socks, panty, choker, bracelet; advice the use of loose clothing)
3. Remind or assist patient to change position frequently.
4. Prevent pooling of blood in the extremities. (such as prolong standing; prone to develop DVT) 5. Encourage physical activity (such as stretching activities as tolerated by the person; avoid strenuous activities).
6. Prevent hypothermia, maintain body warmth.
7. Massage the body. (massage lightly it may cause purpura; done to aid circulation; skin is not tough and tight, subcutaneous tissue and blood vessels are thin; prone to bleeding and sensitive to pressure)
8. Monitor drugs for hypotensive effect.
9. Educate to reduce risk of cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol, obesity and inactivity.
10. Periodic exams of physical and mental health.
Source:
Lecture Notes from Mrs. Michelle Z. Jagunap, RN. July 2007. Lecture on Promotion of Effective Breathing and Circulation in the Elderly. St. Paul University Iloilo - College of Nursing. Philippines
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Copyright © 2007. NurseKnowledge.BlogSpot.com
Email: nurseknowledge@gmail.com
Sunday, July 8, 2007
WAYS TO PROMOTE EFFECTIVE BREATHING
1. Prevent respiratory infection. (Prone to infection due to immunosenescence; PNA, URTI)
2. Obtain influenza and pneumonia vaccines. (The immune system is not keen to signal that something is wrong in the body; vaccines such as for PNA and influenza could easily affect one previously exposed to virus).
3. Avoid exposure to respiratory infection.
4. Seek medical attention promptly for signs of respiratory infection (such as cough and fever; report simple manifestations).
5. Report changes of sputum (Change in sputum may signal an abnormality.)
6. Regular deep breathing exercises (Muscles of the lungs are not that elastic already; prone to develop COPD; expel CO2; prevent retention and impediment in breathing)
7. Smoking cessation or avoidance of cigarette smoking (Instruct the ill effects of smoking; quitting is done gradually not abruptly; could not promote effective breathing; avoid passive smokers)
8. Provide proper room ventilation.
9. Adequate nutrition (Prone to develop influenza; provide humid air)
10. Instruct patient to turn, cough and deep breathe every 2 hours. (Prevent hypoxia to cells)
11. Monitor rate, depth, and rhythm of respiration, coloring, coughing pattern, blood gasses and mental status. (Increased rate and shallow breathing may indicate obstruction; normal rhythm-inhale, exhale, inhale; color of skin speaks of tissue perfusion; bluish-cyanosis)
Source:
Lecture Notes from Mrs. Michelle Z. Jagunap, RN. July 2007. Lecture on Promotion of Effective Breathing and Circulation in the Elderly. St. Paul University Iloilo-College of Nursing. Philippines
----------------------
Copyright © 2007. NurseKnowledge.BlogSpot.com
Email: nurseknowledge@gmail.com
2. Obtain influenza and pneumonia vaccines. (The immune system is not keen to signal that something is wrong in the body; vaccines such as for PNA and influenza could easily affect one previously exposed to virus).
3. Avoid exposure to respiratory infection.
4. Seek medical attention promptly for signs of respiratory infection (such as cough and fever; report simple manifestations).
5. Report changes of sputum (Change in sputum may signal an abnormality.)
6. Regular deep breathing exercises (Muscles of the lungs are not that elastic already; prone to develop COPD; expel CO2; prevent retention and impediment in breathing)
7. Smoking cessation or avoidance of cigarette smoking (Instruct the ill effects of smoking; quitting is done gradually not abruptly; could not promote effective breathing; avoid passive smokers)
8. Provide proper room ventilation.
9. Adequate nutrition (Prone to develop influenza; provide humid air)
10. Instruct patient to turn, cough and deep breathe every 2 hours. (Prevent hypoxia to cells)
11. Monitor rate, depth, and rhythm of respiration, coloring, coughing pattern, blood gasses and mental status. (Increased rate and shallow breathing may indicate obstruction; normal rhythm-inhale, exhale, inhale; color of skin speaks of tissue perfusion; bluish-cyanosis)
Source:
Lecture Notes from Mrs. Michelle Z. Jagunap, RN. July 2007. Lecture on Promotion of Effective Breathing and Circulation in the Elderly. St. Paul University Iloilo-College of Nursing. Philippines
----------------------
Copyright © 2007. NurseKnowledge.BlogSpot.com
Email: nurseknowledge@gmail.com
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